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The Second Choshu expedition, also known as the Summer War, was a punitive expedition led by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Choshu Domain, following the First Choshu expedition of 1864. The expedition was announced on 6 March 1865 but did not commence until 7 June 1866, starting with the bombardment of Suo-Oshima in Yamaguchi Prefecture.<br/><br/> The expedition was a military disaster for the shogunate troops, with the Choshu forces being more modernised and better organised while the shogunate army was feudal and antiquated. A ceasefure was negotiated by the new shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, after the death of his predecessor, though the shogun's prestige was already fatally weakened by then.<br/><br/> The disastrous campaign is seen by many as sealing the fate of the Tokugawa shogunate, their military prowess revealed to be a paper tiger.